Robert W. Lent, Steven D. Brown, and Gail Hackett created the Social Cognitive Career Theory in 1994 that emphasized the three building blocks of career development as being self efficacy, outcome expectations, and personal goals. Lent, Brown, and Hackett believed that individuals could eliminate possible occupations by not having developed self efficacy beliefs or outcome expectations and that the more difficult it might be to break into a particular career, the less likely individuals are to pursue that field.
The key constructs found in the Social Cognitive Career Theory are as follows:
Interest Development Model: individuals are drawn to activities that they feel they are good at or competent in.
Attitudes and Values: tied to feelings of self efficacy
Gender, Race, & Ethnicity: these things shape our environment and our worldviews,which can in turn influence self-efficacy and outcome expectations
Choice Model: establish a goal, take action towards that goal, attain a level of performance that dictates future career behavior
Performance Model: concerned with quality and the persistence of future career behavior
The counseling strategies used in conjunction with this theory are to identify foreclosed occupational options, analyze barrier perceptions, and to modify self efficacy beliefs.
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